Introduction

We introduce Gemma 4, a new generation of open-weight, natively multimodal language models in the Gemma model family. Designed to advance compute efficiency and reasoning, the Gemma 4 model suite features dense and Mixture-of-Experts architectures, ranging from 2.3B to 31B parameters. Alongside improved vision and audio encoders for all model sizes, we propose a unified, encoder-free architecture for our 12B model, which ingests raw audio and image patches. Furthermore, we integrate a thinking mode, enabling Gemma models to generate reasoning traces prior to responding. We improve inference speed, memory, and compute efficiency, as well as long-context abilities through critical design choices. Gemma 4 establishes a leap in performance across STEM, multimodal, and long-context benchmarks, and rivals larger, frontier open models in human-rated tasks.

Authors

Sherif El Abd, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Robin Algayres, Alek Andreev, Olivier Bachem, Ian Ballantyne, Cormac Brick, Victor Cărbune, Michelle Casbon, Mayank Chaturvedi, Aditya Chawla, Victor Cotruta, Alice Coucke, Phil Culliton, Robert Dadashi, Lucas Dixon, Mohamed Elhawaty, Utku Evci, Clément Farabet, Johan Ferret, Filippo Galgani, Sertan Girgin, Jean-Bastien Grill, Maarten Grootendorst, Jiaxian Guo, Cassidy Hardin, Yanzhang He, Steven M. Hernandez, Omri Homburger, Léonard Hussenot, Juyeong Ji, Armand Joulin, Aishwarya Kamath, Parnian Kassraie, Olivier Lacombe, Preethi Lahoti, Gaël Liu, Gus Martins, Luciano Martins, Tatiana Matejovicova, Ramona Merhej, Nikola Momchev, Sneha Mondal, Ryan Mullins, Sindhu Raghuram Panyam, Shreya Pathak, Sarah Perrin, André Susano Pinto, Etienne Pot, Angéline Pouget, Alexandre Ramé, Sabela Ramos, Douglas Reid, David Rim, Morgane Rivière, Karsten Roth, Louis Rouillard, Omar Sanseviero, Pier Giuseppe Sessa, Shane Settle, Danila Sinopalnikov, Sara Smoot, Piotr Stanczyk, Andreas Steiner, Lawrence Stewart, Ilya Tolstikhin, Michael Tschannen, Anton Tsitsulin, Nino Vieillard, Renjie Wu, Pingmei Xu, Haichuan Yang, Edouard Yvinec, Biao Zhang, Li Zhang, Joe Zou, Nicolas Aagnes, Abdelrahman Abdelhamed, Jakub Adamek, Shivani Agrawal, Shubham Agrawal, Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin, Jean Baptiste Alayrac, Uri Alon, Chandramouli Amarnath, Ankesh Anand, Chrysovalantis Anastasiou, Setareh Ariafar, François-Xavier Aubet, Kyriakos Axiotis, Federico Barbero, Joelle Barral, Alexei Bendebury, Urs Bergmann, Stanley Bileschi, Kat Black, Mathieu Blondel, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Bražinskas , Ryan Burnell, Robert Busa-Fekete, Mu Cai, Daniele Calandriello, Glenn Cameron, Charlotte Caucheteux, Rahma Chaabouni, Garima Chadha, Jetha Chan, Blake Jianhang Chen, Jesse Chen, Lin Chen, Xu Chen, Derek Cheng, Tzu-hsiang Chien, Nikolai Chinaev, Yi Chou, Zhaohui Chu, Benjamin Coleman, Pooja Consul, Sam Conway-Rahman, Scott Crowell, Dylan Cutler, Vivek Dani, Samira Daruki, Anil Das, Daniel Deutsch, Nishanth Dikkala, Li Ding, Qiuhan Ding, Shenil Dodhia, Konstantin Donhauser, Tulsee Doshi, Anca Dragan, Alex Druinsky, Sahil Dua, Zoltan Egyed, Danielle Eisenbud, Daniel Eppens, Cindy Fan, Bahare Fatemi, Yassir Fathullah, Vlad Feinberg, Milen Ferev, Sebastian Flennerhag, Takumi Fujimoto, João Gabriel Oliveira, Isaac Galatzer-Levy, João Gante, Simon Geisler, Soham Ghosal, Antonious M. Girgis, Tamara von Glehn, Alec Go, Alhaad Gokhale, Alex Grills, Yiming Gu, Mayank Gupta, Pramod Gupta, Guru Guruganesh, Raia Hadsell, Hamza Harkous, Jitendra Harlalka, Demis Hassabis, Anja Hauth, Joe Heyward, Arian Hosseini, Chih-Yang Hsia, I-Hung Hsu, Xiaopeng Huang, Yangsibo Huang, Kevin Hui, Adrian Hutter, Te I, Fotis Iliopoulos, Advait Jain, Ganesh Jawahar, Ziwei Ji, Qilin Jin, Melvin Johnson, Kandarp Joshi, Arun Kandoor, Wang-Cheng Kang, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Mehran Kazemi, Kathleen Kenealy, Amr Khalifa, Phoebe Kirk, Ivan Korotkov, Suraj Kothawade, Vitaly Kovalev, Neel Kovelamudi, Adam Kraft, Ravin Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Harish Kuppam, Justin Lannin, Chen-Yu Lee, Seungji Lee, Dmitry Lepikhin, Alon Levkovitch, Dongdong Li, Qiujia Li, Valentin Liévin, Ethan Lin, Ziqian Lin, Casper Liu, Tianlin Liu, Tianqi Liu, Xin Liu, Ivan Lobov, Mayank Lunayach, Min Ma, Gagan Madan, Andrii Maksai, Eric Malmi, Michal Matuszak, Daniel McDuff, Gaurav Menghani, Maciej Mikuła, Daniil Mirylenka, Karolis Misiunas, Vedant Misra, Andreea Mitran, Kareem Mohamed, Maksim Mukha, Eric Noland, James O'Donnell, Brendan O'Donoghue, Kate Olszewska, Bernett Orlando, Wanqiong Pan, Rina Panigrahy, Unnati Parekh, Nicolas Perez-Nieves, Chunjong Park, Eric Paskie, Liqian Peng, Bryce Petrini, Slav Petrov, Jonas Pfeiffer, Bilal Piot, Martyna Plomecka, Siim Poder, Octavio Ponce, Arijit Pramanik, David Racz, Anish Rajan, Michelle Ramanovich, Anand Rao, Marvin Ritter, Vitor Rodrigues, Evan Rosen, Mikołaj Rybiński, Noveen Sachdeva, Michaël E. Sander, Rohit Sathyanarayana, Sagar Savla, Samuel Schmidgall, Tal Schuster, George Scrivener, Benoit Seguin, Andrew Sellergren, Aliaksei Severyn, Izhak Shafran, Dhruv Shah, Bobak Shahriari, Yuan Shangguan, Ashish Shenoy, Pradeep Shenoy, Rakesh Shivanna, Pauline Sho, Lucas Spangher, Wojciech Stokowiec, Tim Strother, Yao Su, Yinghao Sun, Mukund Sundararajan, Andrea Tacchetti, Mor Hazan Taege, Pouya Tafti, Jean Tarbouriech, Chetan Tekur, Shantanu Thakoor, Rahul Thapa, Madeleine Traverse, Lenart Treven, Tao Tu, Chien Te Tung, Çağlar Ünlü, Petar Veličković, Malini Pooni Venkat, Sagar Gubbi Venkatesh, Vidya Venkiteswaran, Francesco Visin, Alex Vitvitskyi, Kiran Vodrahalli, Weiyi Wang, Xin Wang, Tris Warkentin, Jan Wassenberg, John Wieting, Cindy Wu, Lechao Xiao, Hao Xu, Yuhui Xu, Fuzhao Xue, Arun Yadav, Jun Yan, Antoine Yang, Lin Yang, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Ziyu Ying, Jae Hyeon Yoo, Morteza Zadimoghaddam, Sajjad Zafar, Fred Zhang, Jiageng Zhang, Jianyi Zhang, Xiaofan Zhang, Chao Zhao, David Zhou, Chen Zou