Contrastive language-image pre-training, CLIP for short, has gained increasing attention for its potential in various scenarios. In this paper, we propose EVA-CLIP, a series of models that significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of CLIP training. Our approach incorporates new techniques for representation learning, optimization, and augmentation, enabling EVA-CLIP to achieve superior performance compared to previous CLIP models with the same number of parameters but significantly smaller training costs. Notably, our largest 5.0B-parameter EVA-02-CLIP-E/14+ with only 9 billion seen samples achieves 82.0 zero-shot top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K val. A smaller EVA-02-CLIP-L/14+ with only 430 million parameters and 6 billion seen samples achieves 80.4 zero-shot top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K val. To facilitate open access and open research, we release the complete suite of EVA-CLIP to the community at this https URL.
Notes: 6 FLOP / token / parameter * 5*10^9 parameters * 2304000000000/2 tokens [see dataset size notes] = 3.456e+22 FLOP
Size Notes: from table 1(a): 9B samples seen image size 224^2 batch size: 144k samples 9*10^9*(224/14)^2 = 2.304e+12 image tokens 50% of patches are randomly masked (to account for it when estimating compute)
Notes: 5b (table 1(a)) image parameters: 4.4B text parameters: 695M